Python is a versatile language for web development, powering everything from simple MVPs to complex enterprise systems. This page provides architecture prompts, diagrams, and a brief overview of popular frameworks and best practices.
Simple MVP Web App Architecture
A Minimum Viable Product (MVP) web app focuses on rapid development and deployment. The architecture is straightforward, emphasizing simplicity and cost-efficiency.
- User Interface: Browser or Mobile App
- Frontend: HTML/CSS/JS or frameworks like React/Vue
- Backend API: Flask, FastAPI, or Node.js/Express
- Database: PostgreSQL or SQLite
- Optional: Basic Logging, Docker deployment, static asset delivery (e.g., AWS S3)
Sample FastAPI MVP Backend Code
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"Hello": "World"}
Enterprise Web App Architecture
Enterprise web applications require scalability, security, and reliability. The architecture is modular, using microservices, orchestration, and advanced tooling.
- Frontend: React, Angular, Flutter
- API Gateway: Handles HTTPS, REST, GraphQL, WebSockets
- Microservices: FastAPI, Django, Flask, Node.js (Docker/Kubernetes)
- Data Layer: PostgreSQL, MongoDB, S3, GCS
- Caching: Redis, Memcached
- Message Broker: Kafka, RabbitMQ
- Background Workers: Celery, Sidekiq
- DevOps: CI/CD, Terraform, Monitoring (Prometheus, Grafana), Logging (ELK, Sentry)
- Security: WAF, OAuth, IAM, Cloud Load Balancers, CDNs, Auto-scaling
Example Microservice Structure
# users_service/main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/users")
def list_users():
return [{"id": 1, "name": "Alice"}]
Popular Python Web Frameworks
- Flask: Lightweight, flexible, great for small apps and APIs.
- Django: Batteries-included, ORM, admin, authentication, ideal for large projects.
- FastAPI: Modern, async, type hints, automatic docs, excellent for APIs.
- Tornado, Sanic: High-performance, async support.