Common Exception Types

• ValueError: Raised when a function receives an argument of the right type but inappropriate value.
• TypeError: Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of inappropriate type.
• ZeroDivisionError: Raised when division or modulo by zero is performed.
• FileNotFoundError: Raised when a file or directory is requested but cannot be found.
• IndexError: Raised when a sequence subscript is out of range.
• KeyError: Raised when a dictionary key is not found.
• AttributeError: Raised when an invalid attribute reference is made.
• ImportError: Raised when an import statement fails to find the module definition.
• Exception: The base class for all built-in exceptions.
• RuntimeError: Raised when an error occurs that doesn't fall into any other category.
• MemoryError: Raised when an operation runs out of memory.
• StopIteration: Raised to signal the end of an iterator.
• KeyboardInterrupt: Raised when the user interrupts program execution, usually by pressing Ctrl+C.
• OverflowError: Raised when a calculation exceeds the limits of a numeric type.
• NotImplementedError: Raised when an abstract method that needs to be implemented is called.
• AssertionError: Raised when an assert statement fails.
• IOError: Raised when an I/O operation fails.
• UnicodeError: Raised when a Unicode-related encoding or decoding error occurs.
• ConnectionError: Base class for connection-related issues.
• TimeoutError: Raised when a timeout occurs during an operation.
• PermissionError: Raised when trying to open a file in a way that is not allowed by the operating system.
• NotADirectoryError: Raised when a file operation is attempted on a path that is not a directory.
• IsADirectoryError: Raised when a file operation is attempted on a directory when a file is expected.
• ModuleNotFoundError: Raised when a module cannot be found during import.
• RecursionError: Raised when the maximum recursion depth is exceeded.
• BrokenPipeError: Raised when a write operation is attempted on a pipe that has no readers.
• FileExistsError: Raised when trying to create a file or directory that already exists.
• BlockingIOError: Raised when an operation would block on a non-blocking I/O operation.
• ChildProcessError: Raised when an operation on a child process fails.
• SystemExit: Raised when the sys.exit() function is called.
• GeneratorExit: Raised when a generator's close() method is called.
• OSError: Raised when a system function returns a system-related error.
• EOFError: Raised when the input() function hits an end-of-file condition.

Example Usage

Example 1: Basic try-except

try:
    x = int(input("Please enter a number: "))   
except ValueError:
    print("That's not a valid number!")

This example attempts to convert user input into an integer. If the input is not a valid number, it raises a ValueError, which is caught and handled by printing an error message.